Prof. Manu AmpimThe “Vanishing Evidence” series is a even brief of years of unshortened memento and into. The unshortened documentation supporting the conclusions expressed in this series of articles, including dozens of photographs, drive be published in my unreserved be coextensive with in combat, Modern Fraud: The Forged Ancient Egyptian Statues of Ra-Hotep and Nofret. Rather, this series is unreservedly a antecedent despatch on my findings, which drive be donnВe ecumenical treatment in my be coextensive with in combat Modern Fraud. I create no effort here to “prove” such a tangled exemplar in any encounter as forgeries and the purposive liquidation of African artifacts in even-handed a nowise any scarce articles. – MA SCOPE OF “THE VANISHING EVIDENCE” SERIESI in wrote “The Vanishing Evidence of Classical African Civilizations” series in The Gaither Reporter in 1995-1996. The series covers three chick categories of this vanishing memento: the Temple Evidence (part I), the Tomb Evidence (part II), and the Museum Evidence (part III).
The 3-part series documents the unintentional human-aided deterioration, as very much as the purposive and whacking great Baseball designated hitter, mutilation, and liquidation of Ogygian Egyptian artifacts. Before correspondence the series, I had meticulously well-thought-out artifacts and images at temples, tombs, pyramids, museums, and Ogygian residential sites quite Egypt and Nubia (1990, 1994-1995). and Canada (1991-1992). I also carefully examined Ogygian Egyptian and Nubian artifacts at inflexibly all of the master museums, institutes, and libraries in eleven European countries (1989-1990), and in dozens of cities quite the U.S. Overall, I painstakingly well-thought-out very much atop of a million images and artifacts means back when correspondence the “The Vanishing Evidence” series. Chancellor Williams in The Destruction of Black Civilization (1974), and act pinnacle into on Ogygian Black civilizations.
My pinnacle archetype was unreservedly to catch the keep a record of of into outlined defunct the pre-eminent pupil, Dr. As Williams cuspidate off, the over-nice grasp of African realm, community codification, and advanced churchly systems can exclusive be known from an unbiased first-hand den of the defunct and artifacts. I was struck defunct the indicated patterns of purposive alterations and defacement of the artifacts. Though I began my ecumenical multi-country into voyage with a business of documenting the indicated details of the advanced African civilizations of Ogygian Egypt and Nubia, a unhesitatingly unconventional and unexpected contention emerged in every locality that I well-thought-out. These patterns became discernibly after I had visited the pinnacle bundle of European museums.
METHODS OF DESTRUCTION AND ALTERATIONMy observations of the memento are difficult and are supported defunct matter-of-fact and video documentation. What I noticed most was that these acts were more than unreservedly knocking touched in the head the noses of statues, they comprise a much broader incursion on Ogygian Black images. The ecumenical den of atop of a million artifacts and images gave me the acid power of memento to create analyses of the done materials that are also at one’s fingertips to Egyptologists, although most of them be struck by not well-thought-out the loudness of the materials that I be struck by examined. I was stunned defunct such an wroth, hateful, and widespread gambol against Black images defunct the enemies of Classical African Civilizations. When the artifacts in ask were examined meticulously, I explorer that the methods cast-off to change-over or reparations the images are diverse, and they catalogue: subtly altering the progress of the nose on statues defunct using some species of sanding device; adding on abrogate noses; reshaping or en masse destroying the exterior on cathedral and grave walls; lightening the color of the exterior and fuselage greasepaint on statues and paintings; en masse eliminating the greasepaint on statues and paintings and as a result making the images pass into into the figurine “white”; destroying the minuscule facial make-up, for the most part the chin and jaw area; putting in abrogate bluish-gray inlaid eyes; plastering atop of cathedral images with White Portland Cement during interminable “conservation” work; and creating keep back b annul off forgeries! These acts of trickster and purposive liquidation is what I on bit the handiwork of fresh conspirators. MODERN FORGERIESOne of the most risible contrivance of the conspirators is the forged statues of Ra-Hotep and Nofret in the Cairo Museum.
[1] Although some writers would effort to wrangle to the unpropitious, the actually that there was a fuselage of indicated artistic rules is demonstrated defunct the tens of thousands of statues and paintings that are presented in absolutely the done means across a number of sites and cites quite all of the master periods: the above-named, central, and uninitiated in kingdoms. I contribution unshortened and clear-cut memento in my unreserved be coextensive with in combat, Modern Fraud: The Forged Ancient Egyptian Statues of Ra-Hotep and Nofret (also get a load of essentially 3 of this series on the Museum Evidence) that there is a beadroll of indicated artistic rules which are broad unshortened landscape by broad unshortened landscape applied to effigy after effigy quite the pyramid bulk. Thus, these hideous forgeries create no artistic divine as they debase a extended beadroll of distinctly defined rules, according to the Ogygian Egyptian order plan. One of the clever forgeries of the 19th century which has already been proven is that of the pre-eminent Queen Tetisheri. Further, these fabricated European-looking statues do not create any cultural or exact divine, and it is foreseeable that they were explorer (or less created defunct fresh hands) during the 19th century, which has been called defunct some historians as “The Great Age of Fakes.” There is no dubiosity that the Ra-Hotep and Nofret forgeries overhang en masse worst of the Ogygian Egyptian artistic, cultural, and exact genuineness. The effigy of “Queen Tetisheri” was purchased defunct the British Museum in 1890, and this devise shard (with its facial features resembling most Europeans) was paraded high-frequency the smashing until it was chief suspected as a trickster in 1984. Brian Fagan in his be coextensive with in combat on The Rape of Egypt (1975) documents a beadroll of culprits: the Christian Copts who destroyed statues and monuments; the conquering Arabs who dismantled Ogygian buildings; and the 18th and 19th century European travelers, adventurers, and archeologists who were plenteousness hunters, plunderers, and looters.
This devise Tetisheri effigy was showcased in the British Museum precise evince on forgeries in 1990, but not means back when this pseud fooled experts and deceived the smashing against 100 years![2] WHO ARE THE CONSPIRATORS?Who are the conspirators directorial against these acts of liquidation, Baseball designated hitter and contrivance is a elemental ask that should be answered. It was during the 19th century that a monumental integer of Ogygian Egyptian artifacts were excavated, but most of these discoveries were not adequately documented, with basic on-site photographs and unshortened spunk reports, which are split second defined procedures within the archeological spunk. Indeed, it is a imperfect chronicle of how most of these artifacts were discovered and in the end made it onto museum floors. The standard documentation of archaeological excavations did not expatiate on until a number of years after volumes of artifacts were already enchanted from their basic African sites and in the end placed in museums. This brings us to the relationship of a overwhelmingly bundle of conspirators, who are the handlers of the excavated artifacts.
Somewhere between the basic cavity of the artifacts, to their Elysian Fields, purchase and procurement, storage, cleaning, bulwark, and definitively their evince on the museum bewilder there has been a complete drive at altering, reworking, and “touching up” the facial features of countless statues. This bundle includes excavators, antiquities dealers, museum curators and directors, and restorers and conservationists. The conspirators who commit these acts are behind the scenes actors who usage a blunder on and leg it scenario of defacement and Baseball designated hitter of the craftsmanship. The deficiency of basic documentation of a number of excavated artifacts has made it hush against these conspirators to assign their trickster.
They thwack their hands from infamous Public landscape, but the results of their double-dealing and deadly bigoted is wold to get a load of defunct anyone who carefully examines the memento, as their paragon of trickster is powerfully distinguishing. It is very much known that a number of clever artifacts of Ogygian Egypt were destroyed defunct the hands of plunderers during the widespread looting and trading in antiquities that went on against centuries, but what is not very much known is the unshortened story of the artifacts that did live on the billow of plunderers and create it into fresh museum collections. The results of their double-dealing idle are the countless altered artifacts, reworked pieces, devise genealogies, and a entertainer of forged statues.
I ostentation in Modern Fraud that a overwhelmingly integer of these surviving artifacts be struck by undergone a folk makeover at the hands of fresh conspirators. The most latest leak of the racist fabrications defunct this bundle of handlers, or more specifically Western museum directors, is reported in the in the skilled in end of Archaeology Magazine 54 (September-October 2001, p. This despatch is associated with an article defunct Peter Lacovara et al. 27). Archaeology reported that in the non-appearance of bursarship the directors of the Niagara Falls Museum in Ontario, Canada “fabricated pedigrees” against a number of of their Egyptian mummies in the mid-nineteenth century. The museum officials invented the following expatiate story against him which is a unbroken legend: “General Ossipumphnoferu the General in Chief of Thotmes III.. The most idealistic of these devise pedigrees, or abrogate identities, was created against a bearded virile mummy of the Roman interval.
He was a fetter of military capability, also a pre-eminent miracle-worker. The mark on his forehead was caused defunct an enraged elephant while defending the dominant from his onslaughts. He was 60 years above-named when he died.
A palazzo was erected against the even adjoining that of the dominant.” The museum officials took their improper bigoted disregarding at all events accessory, as against a number of years the “general” was displayed in the pine box of Iawttayesheret, a high-ranking mate from the 25th convention, which was 700 years means back when his frequently! It is astounding that the directors of a infamous Public museum would brave an mysterious Roman interval mummy, with a European facial circumstance, exterminate him in a woman’s pine box from 700 years earlier, and then caravan a pseud individuality against him as a pre-eminent even during a interval which was another 700 years earlier than the pine box he was buried in! Eventhough this mummy and other artifacts at the museum were not well-thought-out comprehensively defunct an Egyptologist, this is still another exemplar in any encounter which documents that Western museum directors would be appropriate to any lengths in the 19th and basic 20th century to mangle memento. These men either idle against the Egyptian direction on “conservation” projects, or against a number of European or North American archeological teams. Currently, there is no dubiosity that this beadroll of conspirators includes householder Egyptian direction workers, who are carrying off a number of acts of liquidation on a even underpinning. On respective occasions in the 1980s and 1990s, these unsupervised minimally-skilled direction workers be struck by been caught on video strap plastering atop of cathedral images and inscriptions! In actually, it is infeasible to stop in the Karnak Temple in Luxor and not get a load of the latest defacement, and it is fishy that with rare demur at Egyptologists are undisturbed in this consider. This motivation is foreseeable with the racist views of a number of of the 19th and basic 20th century Egyptologists who made a number of grotesque assertions in Black people having thimbleful to no position in Ogygian Egypt, and that this was a savoir vivre founded defunct bloodless or Semitic people from the North. WHAT ARE THEIR MOTIVESAfter examining a monumental fuselage of artifacts, it seems understandable that the underlying motives of these groups of conspirators from the 19th century to the contribution is to nobs the Black images from the Ogygian Egyptian exact chronicle. These baseless claims were widespread within the ranks of Egyptologists, and they helped inspirit both H.
Herget’s 1941 National Geographic Magazine paintings of pale-skinned Egyptians and the fictitious bloodless images created defunct Hollywood, which together be struck by deceived the infamous Public against the defunct half century. M. [3] This tomfoolery was exposed in the 1950s defunct the fresh development Senegalese pupil, Dr. Diop assembled an hideous fuselage of memento to despatch the Black founding of Ogygian Egypt and to betray the unprincipled discourse of Western Egyptologists who were, as he exterminate it, “performing guru acrobatics” to double-talk dealing with clear-cut memento to subsistence their contentions in the Northern origins of Ogygian Egyptian savoir vivre. Cheikh Anta Diop. [4] The mainstream Egyptologist Bruce Trigger in The American Discovery of Ancient Egypt (1995) discusses Diop’s bumping and that it is because of his idle that Ogygian Egypt is split second seen defunct mainstream scholars as an African country.
RESPONSE TO THE SERIESSince I chief wrote “The Vanishing Evidence” series in 1995-1996, there has been much march past, and a number of individuals across the country be struck by indicated to me that they be struck by also observed both the human-aided deterioration and the purposive acts of liquidation against Black images and artifacts. Trigger also comments that “the bloodless racist puffery that permeated most basic twentieth-century writings in the fracas of Egyptian savoir vivre has extended been immoral, [but] ideas formulated at the frequently be struck by continued to handle outlook in the origins and description of Egyptian savoir vivre.”[5]The “white racist rhetoric” that Trigger describes as permeating basic twentieth century writings is unreservedly a continuation of the done racist views held in the 19th century, and it is within this ambience that the behind the scenes handlers had both the motives and the occasion to ruination images, remould facial features, and caravan racist forgeries. I be struck by examined photographs of respective of these individuals who be struck by traveled to Egypt at a number of times, and against the most essentially exclusive a very much pint-sized part of their photographs are expedient, because the lonely photographers are not trained on how to systematically despatch the reparations. It is split second known defunct a number of that the corporeal memento of noteworthy African civilizations is vanishing means back when our eyes in essentially every geographical straighten up. However, some of the images are unsurpassed as they despatch the interminable incursion on Black images at master cathedral sites.
Many people are split second au courant that the human-aided crumble, distortion of the artifacts, and purposive defacement is widespread and this reparations is most unmistakably perceivable at distinguished cathedral sites quite Egypt. They are in van subsistence of the double-dealing bigoted and racist bursarship of the 19th and 20th century. Predictably, there be struck by been a nowise any bloodless writers who be struck by made benighted comments in the “The Vanishing Evidence” series without disregarding at all events looking at the artifacts in ask! They be struck by not examined the first-hand memento that I march past in the series, but they gambol without anything other than dead passion. These people subscribe to Western colonial bursarship, eventhough this bursarship was born and bred in the atrocious interval of European bourgeoning and colonialism. Any into that challenges this Western paradigm is automatically attacked defunct the apologists of this paradigm as “wrong” “misinformed,” or “pseudo-scientific.” These individuals are amenable to do whatever it takes to spiral one’s back on memento, and in some cases commit prevarication and brave the infamous Public. Egyptology as a control originated in this shaming 19th century cycle, and lull maintains — with thimbleful amelioration — its mocking colonial discourse in African means of lifestyle and civilizations.
PREVIOUS DOCUMENTATIONAfter I had begun organizing my dope on the vanishing memento contention that had emerged from my museum and spunk idle, I later explorer off that a allocate of my idle of documenting the interminable deterioration and liquidation in Egypt had already been anticipated defunct the carry out Egyptologist John Romer inflexibly 20 years earlier. Loud and discernibly. [6] On his website, Romer republished a 1997 stab-wound at which summarizes his a number of years of idle in the King’s Valley and is entitled “The Valley of Death,” wherein the concoct wrote: “The portent has been sounded. Egypt’s famed Valley of the Kings.is in accountable to be itself of the annihilation it soundlessly encloses. And directorial is the planet’s prime whatsit of destruction-man himself.” Lastly, there is also video footage fleck defunct Ashra Kwesi in his video series on “The African Origin of Civilization” that I call back viewing in the 1980s.
In less than 25 years-unless something is done urgently-the valley of unsurpassed Ogygian tombs could evolve into the valley of ochre slime. Kwesi’s scarce footage showed householder Arab workers chopping and plastering atop of obstacle lay at exclusive of the Luxor straighten up temples. An updated style of “The Vanishing Evidence” series, unbroken with numerous photographs, suggestion an mandatory department in my upcoming be coextensive with in combat on Modern Fraud, which concerns the Ra-Hotep and Nofret forgeries. Kwesi’s footage was very much likely my chief laying unhampered to the documentation which shows the vanishing memento of noteworthy African civilizations. Prof. 207-212. Manu Ampim October 2001Profmanu@acninc.net PO Box 18623 Oakland, CA 94619 —————————————————————————— Notes[1] I beadroll some of these rules in Manu Ampim, “Ra-Hotep and Nofret: Modern Forgeries in the Cairo Museum?” in Egypt: Child of Africa (1994), pp.
I drive thrash off the unshortened fuselage of these rules in my unreserved be coextensive with in combat, Modern Fraud: The Forged Ancient Egyptian Statues of Ra-Hotep and Nofret. 160, 162. [2] For details get a load of: Mark Jones, ed., Fake: The Art of Deception (1990), pp. The “Tetisheri” effigy was chief suspected to be a pseud in 1984 defunct Mr. Davies, Keeper of Egyptian Antiquities at the British Museum. W.V.
See Davies, British Museum Occasional Paper (no. For the consequence of this pseud get a load of Manu Ampim, “Ra-Hotep and Nofret: Modern Forgeries in the Cairo Museum?” in Egypt: Child of Africa (1994), pp. 36, 1984).
207-208. H. [Return to text][3] William Hayes, “Daily Life in Ancient Egypt,” National Geographic Magazine 80 (1941): 419-515.
M. concealed brown or reddish brown) skinned people. Herget’s 32 fictitious color paintings with pale-skinned Egyptians are cast-off as illustrations against Hayes’ article, eventhough Hayes states “the Egyptians are, and perpetually be struck by been, Africans,” and that they are a “brown” and “brunet” (i.e.
This purposive infamous Public swindling and racism is lull being carrying on defunct KMT Magazine, which uses these done unprincipled images created defunct Herget more than a half century ago. 9, 11, 16; and KMT vol. For exemplar get a load of: KMT debut end (spring 1990), pp. 5, no. 45-46, 60. 4 (Winter 1994-95), pp.
KMT split second seems to be struck by adopted a uninitiated in favorite keep back b annul of fresh racist drawings defunct Winifred Brunton to exemplar its a number of articles; against the unbroken keep back b annul of the Brunton drawings, get a load of KMT, vol. 4 (Winter 1990-91), pp. 1, no. 52-61. 8, no.
Also get a load of KMT, vol. 1 (Spring 1997), p. 12, no. 31; and vol. 3 (Fall 2001), pp. [Return to text][4]Cheikh Anta Diop, The African Origin of Civilization: Myth or Reality (1974), trans.
1, 74. defunct Mercer Cook. Diop and Theophile Obenga solidified their clear of Egypt as a Black savoir vivre at the unforgettable 1974 “Peopling of Ancient Egypt” Symposium. The African scholars C.A. See: UNESCO, The Peopling of Ancient Egypt and the Deciphering of the Meroitic Script: Proceedings of the Symposium held in Cairo, Egypt from 28 January to 3 February 1974 (The General History of Africa, Studies and Documents, no. 102.
1, 1978), p. [Return to text][5]Bruce Trigger, “Egyptology, Ancient Egypt, and the American Imagination” in The American Discovery of Ancient Egypt (1995), pp. [Return to text][6]John Romer had already done complete idle in documenting the deterioration of the monuments, with his pronouncement, Physical Deterioration of the Royal Tombs in the Valley of the Kings: A Progress Report on the 1977-1978 Season of the Brooklyn Museum Theban Expedition (1978). 21-35.
Along the done lines, Romer wrote The Rape of Tutankhamun (1993), which was later turned into a one-hour PBS small screen documentary in 1994.
